What is Malaria
Malaria is acute parasitic disease, which is caused by single-cell parasitic micro-organisms.
The usual symptoms of the Malaria disease are fever, sweating and
high body temperature. The disease is transmitted in subtropical and
tropical regions by biting of female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles.
The disease is usually dangerous in the Africa and South America
continents and usually the travelers are having big problems with
Malaria. Malaria can be carried by people traveling in areas with high
incidence of the disease. Furthermore, except contaminated with
blood-transmitting and laboratory accidents, the transmission from
person to person is possible only during the pregnancy from mother to
child, if the placenta is damaged.
The Malaria can be caused by certain parasites of the genus
Plasmodium. For the people dangerous are only Plasmodium falciparum,
Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale and Plasmodium malariae.
They significantly differ in the terms of their geographical
distribution and course of disease. Plasmodium falciparum is of utmost
clinical importance and the most dangerous parasite from the whole
genus. In dependence of the parasite causing the disease, there are four
different forms of Malaria, which have different treatment and
different symptoms:
• Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium оvale determine the Three-day Malaria
• Plamodium falciparum determine the Tropical Malaria
• Plasmodium malariae determine the Four-day Malaria
Definitely these parasites have pretty complicated process of growing
and reproduction, which stages usually proceeds in certain types of
mosquitoes.
The source of infection is the sick man, from who the mosquito sucks
blood, thus taking the mature forms of the parasite. The parasites can
growth into the mosquito or to be transferred to the bited person. After
proceeding of some stages from the biological cycle in the salivary
glands of mosquitoes locate sexless forms. When the mosquito bites a
person, the parasites gone into the blood, which fall them in the live,
where are proceeding the next stages of parasites growth. The liver
cells are destroyed by them, and the parasites are going into the red
blood cells. The growth of the parasites in the erythrocytes is 48 hours
for Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium оvale and Plamodium falciparum and 72
hours for Plasmodium malariae. After this incubation period occurs
destruction of the infected blood cells and infection of new ones. This
incubation period determines the length of the cycle of clinical
manifestation. Another feature is that in the first two types of
parasites, some of the parasitic forms remain in the liver, enforcing
complicated with this therapeutic treatment.
In all the cases the disease is dangerous and the treatment should be
carefully done by doctor. The Malaria can cause very dangerous
consequences and mostly to the children. The Cerebral malaria, from
which the children are most vulnerable, may cause neurological damage
and impairment of cognition. But this is even not the most dangerous
exhibition of the disease, as the acute malaria mortality may exceed
20%, even with intensive treatment and health care. Also the disease may
recur months or years after the initial development because of the
presence of latent parasites in the liver. This can cause serious
problems in the future and many specialists and scientists call this
chronic malaria, which is the main reason, that it can be concluded that
the disease is completely cured when all the parasites disappear from
the blood.
Definitely the cure of Malaria is serious and it should be done in
the hospital under the permanent inspection of the Medical team.
More About the malaria disease, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment, can be found here:
The Malaria disease is really hard to be determined, because of the
long incubation period, by in any case there are a lot of Malaria
symptoms, which can help you to understand, that you have exactly this
disease. The first Malaria symptoms are expressed in high body
temperature, shivering, arthralgius (pain in the joints), vomiting,
anemia, hemoglobinurius, retinal destruction and convulsions. The
incubation period of parasitism is average about 10-15 days for the
Three-day Malaria and the Tropical Malaria, while for the Four-day
Malaria it can reach up to 1-2 months. But these periods are not law, as
there are forms of the Three-day Malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax
which incubation period can reach 1 year...
The cerebral malaria is the one, which mostly affects the children
and kids. The disease is similar to the standard types, but can cause
neurological problems and complication. Also a lot of kids get
deterioration of cognition, which is quite serious issue for the
patients. The cerebral malaria is caused by the plasmodium falciparum
and has cerebral complications for the patient. The basic cerebral
malaria symptoms are fever, Seizures, Coma and Neurological symptoms.
The disease is connected with whitening of the whitening of the eye
retina, which is good symptom to define malaria from other fever
diseases. The other symptoms of malaria and periodical sweating can also
define the disease and allow for the patient to diagnose it...
The accurate diagnosis of Malaria and the proper treatment can
completely cure the disease. Definitely in some case and types of the
disease and if the treatment or the diagnosis is not correct, for the
patient appear some unwanted and dangerous complications. The Malaria
Complications are including the life-threatening coma, respiratory and
renal failure, bleeding disorders and etc. Definitely the wrong
treatment of the disease can cause serious health problems in the future
and even to cause some body organs dysfunction. The most dangerous
Malaria Complications can be observed in infected patients with
compromised immune system due to several reasons. Also the pregnant
women are also particularly contingent risk. Definitely the treatment of
Malaria should be done carefully and to be followed the best practices
of World Health Organization...
After the successful and accurate Malaria diagnosis, the infected
person should be treated in the proper way according to the type of the
disease. The Malaria Treatment is made with 4 amino quinolones, like
Chloroquine, Arthrochin, applied in scheme in doses different for adults
and children. The doses and the exact medicine for treatment is in
dependence of the type of the diseases. Other medicines used for Malaria
Treatment Pyrimethamine, sulfonamides and quite rarely antibiotics.
When the patient is resistant to the prescribed medicines, an option in
the treatment is also the quinine. Also there are a lot of complex
medicines just like Fansidar and others, which are successfully used in
the therapy of Malaria Treatment...
The Malaria diagnosis cannot be made only by following the symptoms
of the disease and the . They can show that you have some infection, but
usually will not give any more information and details for the disease.
The symptoms of Malaria are not enough to determine exactly the
disease, so when you have any doubts that you are infected with malaria,
definitely should visit the hospital for medical tests. The tests are
usually the typical clinical research, and some laboratory tests
including parasitological tests. The detailed information for stay in an
endemic area for malaria and all the mentioned tests will help for the
specialists to determine exactly the type and form of the disease and
give exact Malaria diagnosis...
The best Malaria prevention definitely is not traveling to endemic
areas, but in many cases this is not solving the issue. The Malaria
virus has certain regions of growth – subtropics and tropics. Usually
the virus is met in South America and Africa, where usually the
mosquitoes are larger than a bird. Of course if you want to prevent
yourself from Malaria, you can use some medicaments before traveling to
an endemic area. The prevention from Malaria starts one week before
traveling to such area. The first used medicament is Chloroquine 300 mg
consumed once for the week before traveling and 1 pill of Arthrochin 250
mg every other day of the traveling in endemic area for Malaria virus
and 1 pill weekly for one month after leaving the region...
In dependence of the parasites we formed three different forms of
Malaria- Three-day malaria, Tropical Malaria and Four-day Malaria.
However in spite of the way of infection, the Malaria can be divided in
dependence of the illness symptoms and length. The Cerebral Malaria is
one of the most dangerous types of the virus. The children are more
vulnerable to this type of Malaria and it may cause neurological damage
and impairment of cognition. Cerebral Malaria is also related to graying
of the retina, which is a useful symptom to distinguish malaria from
other fevers...
In all the cases the disease is dangerous and the treatment should be
carefully done by doctor. The Malaria can cause very dangerous
consequences and mostly to the children. The Cerebral malaria, from
which the children are most vulnerable, may cause neurological damage
and impairment of cognition. But this is even not the most dangerous
exhibition of the disease, as the acute malaria mortality may exceed
20%, even with intensive treatment and health care. Also the disease may
recur months or years after the initial development because of the
presence of latent parasites in the liver. This can cause serious
problems in the future and many specialists and scientists call this
chronic malaria, which is the main reason, that it can be concluded that
the disease is completely cured when all the parasites disappear from
the blood. 
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